Walt Disney’s 13th animated film, Alice in Wonderland, premieres in London, England, United Kingdom.

“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” (commonly known as “Alice in Wonderland”) is a classic children’s novel written by Lewis Carroll, the pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. The book was first published in 1865 and has since become one of the most beloved and enduring works of literature in the English language.

The story follows a young girl named Alice, who finds herself in a whimsical and surreal world after following a White Rabbit down a rabbit hole. This world is filled with peculiar and nonsensical characters, strange creatures, and bizarre situations, defying the laws of logic and reason.

As Alice ventures through Wonderland, she encounters a series of eccentric characters, including:

The Cheshire Cat – A grinning cat with the ability to appear and disappear at will, offering puzzling and sometimes helpful advice to Alice.

The Mad Hatter and the March Hare – Two characters engaged in an eternal tea party, where time is stuck at six o’clock, and their behavior is rather nonsensical.

The Queen of Hearts – A tyrannical and short-tempered ruler with a penchant for ordering beheadings at the slightest offense.

The Caterpillar – A hookah-smoking insect who perplexes Alice with his cryptic questions.

The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon – A mock turtle with a sad story to tell and a gryphon with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion.

Throughout her adventures, Alice experiences changes in her size, sometimes growing very tall and other times becoming small enough to fit inside teapots. She navigates through a series of bizarre scenarios and often finds herself struggling to understand the peculiar rules and logic of this curious land.

The book is celebrated for its imaginative and nonsensical nature, as well as its exploration of themes such as identity, growing up, and the nature of reality. Carroll’s clever use of wordplay, puns, and linguistic tricks adds to the whimsy and charm of the story.

The success of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” led to the publication of a sequel, “Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There” in 1871. Both books remain popular worldwide, inspiring numerous adaptations, films, plays, and other media interpretations over the years. Alice’s journey has become an enduring symbol of curiosity and wonder, capturing the imaginations of readers of all ages.

The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.

Mumbai, India receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours, resulting in floods killing over 5,000 people.

The Swedish–Norwegian War begins.
[rdp-wiki-embed url=’https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War_(1814)’]

The Swedish–Norwegian War begins.

As early as in 1812, prior to the Napoleonic invasion of Russia, the Swedish Crown Prince Charles John had entered into an agreement with Tsar Alexander I that Russia would support a Swedish attack on Norway in order to force Denmark-Norway to cede its northern part to Sweden. The Swedish attack against Norway was rejected, however, Swedish forces were instead directed against France in Central Europe. The Swedish troops were deployed against Napoleon’s forces as a result of agreements between Charles John and diplomats from the United Kingdom and Prussia, which indicated that Norway would be ceded to Sweden after France and its allies which included Denmark-Norway were defeated.

By the Treaty of Kiel in January 1814, King Frederik VI of Denmark-Norway had to cede Norway to the King of Sweden, due to Denmark-Norway’s alliance with France, and its defeat during the later phases of the Napoleonic Wars. This treaty was however not accepted by the Norwegians.

Norwegian Constituent Assembly
Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark, heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark and Norway and Governor-general of Norway, took the lead in the insurrection, and he called for a constitutional assembly. This adopted the liberal constitution of 17 May, which also elected Christian Frederick as the king of an independent Norway.

As the head of the new state, Christian Frederick desperately tried to gain support from the United Kingdom, or any of the other major powers within the Sixth Coalition, in order to maintain Norway’s independence. However, the foreign diplomats gave no hope for any outside support to the Norwegians.

The hostilities opened on 26 July with a swift Swedish naval attack against the Norwegian gunboats at Hvaler. The Norwegian army was evacuated and the vessels managed to escape, but they did not take part in the rest of the war. The main Swedish offensive came across the border at Halden, bypassing and surrounding the fortress of Fredriksten, and then continuing north, while a second force of 6,000 soldiers landed at Kråkerøy outside of Fredrikstad. This town surrendered the next day. This was the start of a pincer movement around the main part of the Norwegian army at Rakkestad.

On the front towards Kongsvinger the forces were more evenly matched, and the Norwegian army eventually stopped the Swedish advance at Lier on 2 August, and won another victory at Matrand on 5 August. On 3 August, King Christian Frederick reached the front at Østfold and was persuaded to change his strategy and use the 6,000 men stationed at Rakkestad in a counterattack against the Swedes. The order to counterattack was given on the 5th of August, but the order was recalled a few hours later. The Norwegian forces therefore withdrew over the Glomma river at Langnes in Askim. The last major battle of the war was fought on 9 August at the bridgehead at Langnes, where the Swedish forces once more were driven back. Sweden then attempted to outflank the Norwegian line, and successfully did so during the battle of Kjølberg Bridge on the 14th of August. The Swedes then had a clear path to Kristiania, the Norwegian capital, which made the Norwegian situation unsustainable.

Although the Norwegian Army had won at Langnes, it was nevertheless clear to both the Norwegian and Swedish military authorities that a defeat was inevitable. Even as they had managed to deliver several minor offensive blows to the Swedes, thus applying pressure on the Swedes to accept Norway as a sovereign nation, it was considered impossible to try to stop the Swedes in the long run. The Swedish offer of negotiations was therefore accepted as the war had put a heavy strain on the Norwegian finances. Every day of delay in securing Norway by the Swedes brought uncertainty to them regarding the outcome, so both parties were interested in a quick end to the war.

For the ordinary Norwegian soldier the war had seemed ill-prepared and ill-fought. The allegations of the loss were against Christian Frederick and the Norwegian general Haxthausen; the latter was accused of treason. For the Norwegian government it probably[citation needed] had been more of a matter of getting the best possible bargaining position, as without the support of major powers Norway’s independence was impossible to secure. But by agreeing to talks following the victory at Langnes they were in a situation where they could avoid an unconditional surrender.

President George Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 into law.

Over 5000 people are killed in Mumbai, India as it receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours.

The Greek Prime Minister forms the country’s first civil government after 7 years of military rule.

Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by the Pope.